CONSUMO DE CIGARRILLOS Y ETNICIDAD EN JÓVENES DE LA PROVINCIA DE JUJUY

E. ALDERETE, C. KAPLAN, E. GREGORICH, R. MEJÍA, E. PÉREZ-STABLE

Resumen


América Latina es la región del mundo con las tasas más altas de uso de tabaco entre los jóvenes. También es la región con las más amplias brechas socioeconómicas. Aunque los pueblos indígenas constituyen el grupo social mas desfavorecido en la región, no existen datos sobre el consumo de cigarrillos en esta población. En el 2004 se aplicó una encuesta auto-administrada a 3131 jóvenes inscriptos en una muestra aleatoria de 27 escuelas urbanas y rurales de la provincia de Jujuy, Argentina. Se usaron preguntas adaptadas de encuestas globales sobre tabaquismo. Encontramos un mayor porcentaje de fumadores corrientes (consumo en el último mes) entre los jóvenes indígenas (23%; 95% CI=21-25) y aquellos auto identificados como mezcla de indígena y europeo (23%; 95% CI=18.9-27.1), comparados con los europeos (11.4%; 95% CI=6.7-15.1). Las probabilidades ajustadas de consumo de cigarrillos en el último mes fueron considerablemente mas elevadas para jóvenes indígenas (OR=1.9; el 95% CI=1.1-3.3) y jóvenes mezcla de indígena y europeo (OR=2.0; 95% CI=1.2-3.4), luego de controlar por factores de riesgo sociodemográficos y psicosociales. Otros factores psicosociales que tuvieron que ver con el consumo corriente incluían: tener algún amigo fumador, repetir un grado en la escuela, síntomas depresivos el año anterior, orientación hacia comportamientos de riesgo y consumir bebidas alcohólicas durante la semana anterior. Estos resultados subrayan la importancia de abordar aspectos de diversidad social y cultural en la epidemia global de tabaquismo.

Palabras clave


uso de tabaco, adolescentes, América Latina, etnicidad.

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